A picture rail is a molding or cornice located at the top of a wall, used to fix works of art, such as paintings or photographs, without directly piercing the wall. Its origin dates back to Antiquity, but it has undergone several evolutions throughout the history of architecture and art.

1. Ancient origins : The term "cimaise" has its roots in the Latin word cima , which designated a crowning or upper border. In ancient civilizations, this molding was often used to crown walls or delimit space.

2. Renaissance and Baroque period : The picture rail became an increasingly decorative architectural element during the Renaissance and Baroque period. It was then used in palaces, churches and official buildings to frame frescoes and wall paintings. It also protected the works from bad weather and damage while serving as a support for hanging them.

3. Modern use : From the 18th century onwards, picture rails became increasingly common in art galleries, where they were used specifically to hang pictures. They allowed artwork to be easily changed without damaging the walls, which was essential in a museum environment.

Thus, the picture rail has evolved from a simple architectural element to a functional and decorative tool in the context of hanging works of art.